Changing Turntable Speed: Manual vs Automatic

Why turntable speed matters

A turntable spins the record at a set rotational speed so that the stylus reads the grooves correctly. Different record formats were cut at different speeds, and playing a record at the wrong speed makes music sound too fast, too slow, or out of pitch. The two most common speeds for consumer records are 33 and 45 RPM, but some turntables also offer 78 RPM for older shellac records.

Your turntable's speed mechanism determines how you change between these speeds. Manual and automatic systems take different approaches, and each has trade-offs in convenience, reliability, and cost. Understanding the difference helps you pick a turntable that fits how you listen.

Manual speed change: what it involves

On a manual turntable, you change speed by interacting directly with the drive system. Belt-driven turntables often require you to lift the platter and move the belt to a different pulley step. Direct-drive turntables usually have a switch near the platter that you flip by hand.

Manual speed change is straightforward once you learn the steps, but it does require you to stop the platter and sometimes remove the record. It is a deliberate process that gives you full control and avoids complex electronic parts. Many audiophiles prefer manual speed change because it keeps the drive system simple and avoids potential electronic failures.

For a step-by-step guide on manual speed adjustment, see our article on turntable speed 33 45 switch.

Automatic speed selection: how it works

Automatic turntables use a button, dial, or sensor to switch speeds. You press a button or turn a knob, and the internal motor controller adjusts the platter speed. Some models even automatically sense the record size or speed by reading the disc's center hole diameter or a cue on the record.

The main advantage is convenience: you can switch speeds without touching the belt or lifting the platter. This is especially helpful if you frequently play a mix of 33 and 45 RPM records. Some fully automatic models also handle the tonearm, so the entire playback process is hands-off once you press start.

Automatic speed selection requires reliable electronics, and if the speed sensor or switch wears out, repairs can be more involved than with a manual belt change. Still, many modern turntables combine automatic speed selection with quartz lock or other motor control features for accurate speed.

How to change speed safely, step by step

Whether you have a manual or automatic turntable, changing speed safely protects both the record and the equipment. The Library of Congress advises handling grooved discs by the edge and label areas only, and to keep playback equipment clean and well maintained.

Here are general steps for changing speed:

1. Stop the platter and let it come to a complete halt. Never change speed while the platter is spinning.

2. Remove the record if the speed change requires access to the platter or belt. Hold the record by its edges.

3. For manual belt-drive turntables, lift the platter (if possible) and move the belt onto the correct pulley step for the desired speed. Then replace the platter.

4. For manual direct-drive turntables, locate the speed selector switch (often near the platter) and set it to the appropriate position.

5. For automatic turntables, use the speed selector button or dial. Some models have separate controls for 33, 45, or 78 RPM.

6. After changing speed, gently place the record on the platter, ensuring it sits flat and centered.

7. Start the platter and let it reach full speed before lowering the tonearm.

• Always switch speed with the platter stopped to avoid stress on the motor and belt.
• If your turntable has a speed fine-tuning knob, adjust it after selecting the base speed for best pitch accuracy.
• Consult your turntable's manual for specific instructions, as designs vary between models.

Manual vs automatic: which is right for you?

Choose manual speed change if you play mostly one speed, want a simpler and often more affordable turntable, or enjoy the tactile ritual of setting up each record. Manual turntables are also a good choice if you plan to upgrade parts like the belt or platter later.

Choose automatic speed selection if you frequently listen to a mix of 33 and 45 RPM records, have mobility or dexterity concerns, or prefer a quick and effortless experience. Automatic turntables are also convenient for parties or when you want to start a record from across the room.

For a deeper comparison of turntable types, see our guides on manual turntables and automatic turntables. You can also read about manual vs automatic turntables and automatic vs manual turntable sound.

Common mistakes to avoid

One common mistake is forcing the speed selector or belt when it doesn't move easily. Always check that the platter is fully stopped before applying any pressure. Another is touching the record surface while changing speed; this can leave fingerprints or oil that attract dust.

Skipping the fine-tuning step is another error. Some turntables allow pitch adjustment via a speed control, and if you don't verify the speed with your ears or a strobe disc, the record may play slightly off. Finally, do not move the platter backwards or spin it by hand to help the belt change, as this can damage the motor.

If you own a turntable with a removable headshell or cartridge, you may need to re-check tracking force after any major disassembly, but not just after a speed change. For more, see our article on how to set turntable counterweight.

What to pick for your use

Questions

Can I change speed while the record is playing?

No. Always stop the platter completely before changing speed. Changing speed while the platter is spinning can cause the belt to slip or damage the motor, and it will likely distort the sound.

Why does my turntable have a speed fine-tuning knob?

Fine-tuning knobs adjust the platter speed slightly to correct for deviations, often used to match the pitch of instruments when playing along with a record. They are separate from the base speed selector and help achieve accurate playback.

Do automatic turntables damage records when changing speed?

No, automatic speed selection is designed to be safe. When you press a speed button, the motor controller adjusts smoothly. The tonearm is usually separate, so no force is applied to the record during speed change.

How do I know which speed a record plays at?

Most records have the speed printed on the center label (e.g., 33⅓ RPM or 45 RPM). If not, the size usually indicates the speed: 12-inch records are typically 33 RPM, and 7-inch singles are typically 45 RPM, but there are exceptions.

Is it okay to move the belt by hand?

Yes, if you follow the manufacturer's instructions. Lift the platter, gently shift the belt to the other pulley groove, and ensure it seats properly. Avoid forcing the belt or prying it with tools; a soft touch is safest.

What is quartz lock and does it affect speed changing?

Quartz lock uses a crystal oscillator to monitor and correct the platter speed, maintaining accuracy. It does not change how you select speed, but it ensures the selected speed remains stable. Learn more in our quartz lock speed control article.